First: A little exposure of the private parts does not prevent the validity of the prayer due to necessity, as clothing is usually not free from minor tears. However, significant exposure of the private parts is a barrier, and a quarter of a member or more is considered significant, whether it is from the major private parts (the front and back) or from the minor private parts (everything else). The head is a member, and the hair that falls is another member, the male organ is a member, and the female organs are another member. Each ear of a woman is a separate member, and her breast, when it is raised, is considered a separate member. The knee with the thigh is a member according to the preferred opinion, and the woman's ankle with her leg is a member. Everything between a man's navel and his pubic area is considered a separate member, the abdomen is a member, the thigh is a member, and the leg is a member. If a quarter of any of these members is exposed, it prevents the prayer from being valid; if less than a quarter is exposed, it does not prevent it. Second: The prayer is not invalidated merely by the exposure of the private parts, even if the private parts are exposed while in prayer, and then one immediately covers them; the prayer is not invalidated. It is only invalidated if a specified time passes, which is if one performs a pillar of the prayer while exposed, according to Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on him, and according to Abu Yusuf, may Allah have mercy on him, if a time passes in which it is possible to perform a pillar of the prayer (which is the equivalent of three tasbihs). This applies if the private parts are exposed during the prayer. However, exposure at the beginning of the prayer prevents the prayer from being valid if it is a quarter of a member or more, because covering the private parts is a condition for the validity of starting the prayer, and without it, starting the prayer is not valid. Third: The scattered exposure of the private parts is combined, like scattered impurity. If one-sixth of her hair is exposed, one-sixth of her abdomen, and one-sixth of her thigh, it is combined. If it reaches a quarter from any of these members, it is a barrier according to both of them; otherwise, it is not. Fourth: The condition is to cover the private parts from all sides correctly, so it does not harm if one looks at their private parts from their pocket (the pocket: from the shirt or similar, where the head enters when wearing it), nor does it harm if someone looks at their private parts from under their garment; because preventing this is burdensome. See: Maraqi al-Falah pp. 210-211, Al-Wiqayah and its explanation by Sadr al-Shari'ah 1: 143, Radd al-Muhtar 1: 408, Badai' al-Sana'i 1: 117, and Al-Hadiyyah al-Alaiyyah p. 72.