I say, and with God's success: It is: wine, spilled blood, and everything that nullifies ablution when it exits the human body: such as urine and feces, the flesh of a dead animal that has blood, its skin, the urine of what is not permissible to eat: such as humans, wolves, and mice, the excrement of chickens, ducks, and geese, the impurity of dogs, the dung of horses, mules, and donkeys, the dung of cows, the droppings of sheep, the regurgitation of wild animals and their saliva. It is called major impurity; considering the little that is excused from it, not in the manner of purifying it; because it does not differ in severity or lightness. The amount considered in major impurity is what exceeds the amount of a dirham - which is the weight of a dirham, and the area of a dirham is the width of the palm in lightness, and the width of the palm is the concave width of the palm, which is within the joints of the fingers - as for the amount of a dirham and what is less than it, it is excused; because the little is excused by consensus, as the dirham is a measure for the place of cleaning, and they found it distasteful to mention the private parts in their gatherings, so they referred to it as the dirham; and because necessity includes the private parts and others, it is excused for hardship, and it is major because there is no opposing evidence of its impurity: like blood and similar things where there is no conflict of texts. See: Al-Wiqayah and its explanation by Sadr al-Shari'ah p.132, and Kanz al-Daqaiq 1: 73, and God knows best.